山西云顶山亚高山草甸优势种种间关系分析

为揭示山西云顶山亚高山草甸植物群落优势种的种间关系,本研究通过种间联结性和相关性测定,对其植物群落13个优势种78个种对的种间关系进行研究。结果表明:13个优势种间大部分种对的种间关联不显著,种间联结不紧密,说明山西云顶山亚高山草甸植物群落结构不很稳定,存在一定程度的生态退化风险;多数原生优势种在群落中占据主要位置,同时也出现少数非原生优势种优势明显,有逐渐取代典型原生优势种的逆行演替趋势,这是由于人类频繁的旅游扰动所致。因此,应当合理的控制旅游开发强度与游客数量,保持亚高山草甸生态系统的稳定与自我维持,以持续高效的维持云顶山亚高山草甸的经济及生态价值。     

热休克诱导马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体的初步研究

为探索马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)三倍体育种技术方法,更好地解决其个体小、生长慢和性成熟后死亡率高等问题,采用热休克法进行三倍体诱导实验,设4个诱导温度(24、26、28、30℃),2个起始诱导时间(15 min、20 min)和2个持续诱导时间(15 min、20 min)共分13个实验组和1个对照组。结果显示,13个实验组均能诱导出三倍体个体,而不同温度组的诱导率差异显著,分别为13.3%、31.65%、52.28%和78.81%(P<0.0.5)。随着温度的上升,孵化率呈显著降低的趋势。结果表明,温度是影响诱导成功的关键因素,利用热休克诱导受精卵制备陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体苗种的方法是可行的,三倍体诱导的最佳条件是:水温28℃,卵子受精后15 min持续处理20 min,发眼率(72.57±0.26)%,孵化率(60.92±0.31)%,三倍体率53.1%,综合诱导效果最佳。     

从星球化到在地性：基于克莱因四元群模型的风景园林思潮研究计划

随着人类观察世界的能力大幅提升,设计与研究的尺度得到了极大拓展,星球化(planetarization)与在地性(locality)同时成为空间设计学科重点关注的议题,近年来涌现出多个新思潮。基于克莱因四元群模型构建的风景园林思潮研究计划旨在建立一套理论框架以对不同研究实践进行更系统的讨论分析,为国内风景园林学科与行业带来新的思考,并运用新理论框架重点介绍了4个风景园林思潮,包括星球城市化背景下的风景园林理论、新地理视角中的空间叙事、关注本土议题的风景园林研究以及直觉导向的在地探索。     

A social learning video method: Identifying and sharing successful transformation knowledge for sustainable soil management in Switzerland

To enhance sustainable land use, a From Farmer to Farmer project was conducted in Switzerland (2001–2010). A multi‐stakeholder discussion group co‐produced nine videos with experienced farmers and wine producers showing sustainable soil management practices. We analysed the video audio‐visual content and drew on reflections of the co‐production process, referring to concepts of system, target and transformation knowledge, as well as on social learning. The analysis showed a broad range of means (or actions) for sustainable soil management in arable land management, fodder production and wine growing that are aligned to transformation knowledge. The research showed that farmers refer to three phases of social learning, light‐bulb moments, coping with challenges and gaining successful expertise. These are not just linear processes of individuals. Four types of social learning were found in the video analysis: (a) learning from observing actions of others, (b) sharing experiences with storytelling, (c) informal social interactions and (d) being a role model with a large social network. Videos enable transformation knowledge to be shared with peers using storytelling; this powerful narrative communication style provides credibility and respects the ‘thought style’ of the target audience group. We conclude that for successful implementation of sustainable actions, it is important to address a specific target group and share their transformation knowledge built upon system and target knowledge. The social learning video method is a viable way to enable social learning between science, administration and practice and has potential for fostering change in sustainable soil management.     

年轻群体在公共绿地中的活动参与度调查——以上海浦东新区部分公园为例

公共绿地作为开放空间,公众可以共享自然环境及社会资源。而当下公共绿地中不同群体的参与度存在较大差异,尤其是年轻群体参与度低。笔者以上海浦东新区部分公共绿地中年轻群体活动参与度为研究对象,从年轻群体的低参与度、活动意愿及管理者角度等方面,分析了年轻群体低参与度的原因,认为原因主要是年轻群体缺乏业余时间、绿地可达距离较远、活动内容缺乏等。在调查基础上,从活动载体、信息渠道、服务方式等方面提出建议,主张公共绿地管理者转变服务理念、开拓有益活动、建立信息平台、优化空间资源,以提高社会服务效能。     

Identification of a phytoplasma associated with pomegranate little leaf disease in Iran

During 2012–2014 surveys for the presence of phytoplasma diseases in Fars province (Iran), pomegranate little leaf symptoms were observed in several orchards in Khafr and Neyriz areas. Samples collected from symptomatic plants positively reacted in nested PCR assays using P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs producing the expected 1,250 bp DNA fragments. Real and virtual RFLP analysis showed that the sequences of phytoplasma strains from Khafr and Neyriz (KPLL and NPLL strains, respectively) were identical to each other and belong to 16SrII phytoplasma group, subgroup D. Phylogenetic analysis of the R16F2n⁄R16R2 DNA region confirmed that KPLL and NPLL phytoplasmas were enclosed in the same clade as other 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasmas. This is the first reported occurrence of a 16SrII phytoplasma infecting pomegranate trees.     

家庭香葱盆栽技术研究

为了探明家庭盆栽香葱的最佳方式,比较了不同品种、摆放位置和采收方式对香葱的影响。结果表明:与本地小香葱(对照)和改良日本香葱相比,农友小香葱植株优势明显,更适宜家庭盆栽种植;摆放位置表现为屋顶最佳,朝东阳台次之,朝北阳台最差;剪切采收显著增加分蘖数,分株采收则能保证植株粗壮。     

北京市蔬菜标准化基地存在的问题与对策研究

为推进农业标准体系落地,加快蔬菜的产业化进程,分析了北京市蔬菜产业及蔬菜标准化基地现状,汇总出推广基地标准化过程中存在的各种问题,并提出了提升农产品质量安全、推进蔬菜品牌建设等对策建议。     

2016年秋冠小白菜春秋两季多点比较试验

以华冠小白菜为对照品种,在大田生产条件下对秋冠小白菜进行新品种的多季多点比较试验,以期对新选育的秋冠小白菜的生物学性状、品质、产量等进行合理评价.结果表明:在多季多点试验中,新品种秋冠小白菜株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽、叶片数等均比对照表现好,株型紧凑,春、秋季平均667 m2产量分别比对照华冠提高18.5%、25.6%;抗病性及抗逆性均比对照强;维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量均较高,综合营养品质优良.     

6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病的防效试验

采用6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病进行田间药效试验。3次药后试验结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油效果最好,防效在73%以上;10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和25%溴菌腈可湿性粉剂防效次之,防效在67%以上;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防效较差,防效为50%左右。药剂处理后,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油和对照,中心可溶性固形物含量分别为11.8%、12.0%、9.8%;两种药剂比对照分别增产30.96%、28.26%,增产效果显著。因此,推荐50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油为目前防治西瓜炭疽病的理想药剂。